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Socialist Party of Northern Ireland
The Socialist Party of Northern Ireland, sometimes known as the Northern Ireland Socialist Party, was a small socialist group based in Northern Ireland in the 1930s.
==Early years==
The group originated in Belfast in 1892 as a group founded by activists including William Walker and John Murphy. It became a branch of the British-based Independent Labour Party (ILP) when that organisation was founded in 1893. Later in the year, the British Trades Union Congress held its annual conference in Belfast, and an ILP fringe meeting was addressed by speakers including Keir Hardie, greatly increasing local party membership. The local group opposed Irish Home Rule, but were widely attacked by hardline unionists, and as a result largely ceased activities in 1896. However, Walker and Murphy continued to work together and hold membership of the ILP.〔Peter Collins, "The Labour Movement in Belfast", ed. Jürgen Elvert, ''Nordirland in Geschichte und Gegenwart'', pp.83-84〕
The ILP in Belfast was revived in 1906, when new branches were formed in North and Central Belfast,〔Peter Barberis et al, ''Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations'', p.238〕 and it quickly grew to have five branches. Walker remained its leading figure, while William McMullen also became a prominent activist. James Connolly aimed to win these branches to his own Socialist Party of Ireland (SPI), and he called a unity conference in Dublin in 1912, attended by four of the Belfast ILP groups (the exception being Walker's North Belfast branch).〔Peter Collins, "The Labour Movement in Belfast", ed. Jürgen Elvert, ''Nordirland in Geschichte und Gegenwart'', pp.89-91〕〔D. George Boyce and Alan O'Day, ''Ireland in Transition, 1867-1921'', p.210〕 The branches united with the SPI and the Belfast branch of the British Socialist Party to form the "Independent Labour Party of Ireland", although this collapsed soon after the outbreak of World War I, after Connolly was banned from giving speeches alleged to be pro-German in Belfast by the local leadership of the group.〔 However, the Belfast groups were split in their attitudes to Home Rule, the North Belfast branch being the largest and most strongly loyalist, the Central branch being close to the British Labour Party, and the East Belfast branch remaining supportive of Connolly's republican nationalism.〔Peter Catterall, ''The Northern Ireland Question in British Politics'', p.72〕
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